Air we breathe is part of the atmosphere, the mixture of gases covering the globe. This gas mixture ensure life on earth and protects us from harmful rays of the sun.
The atmosphere consists of about 10 different gases, mostly nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). That remaining 1% consists of argon, carbon dioxide, helium and neon. All are gas neutral, ie not react with other substante.Mai there are traces of sulfur dioxide, ammonia, carbon monoxide and ozone (O3) and harmful gases, smoke, salt, dust and volcanic ash.
Natural balance of atmospheric gases was maintained for millions of years, is now threatened by human activity. These dangers would be the greenhouse effect, global warming, air pollution, ozone depletion and acid rain.
Over the past 200 years global industrialization disordered gas ratio needed for atmospheric balance. Burning coal and natural gas led to the formation of large amounts of carbon dioxide and other gases, especially after the end of last century appeared the car. Development of agriculture led to the accumulation of large amounts of methane and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.
The greenhouse effect:
Existing gases in the atmosphere must retain the heat produced by sunlight reflected from Earth. Without it the Earth would be so cold oceans would freeze supporters and people, animals and plants would die.
But when the ratio increases because of pollution gases called greenhouse gases, it is retained too much heat and the whole earth becomes warmer. For this reason in our century the average temperature has risen half a degree.
Scientists believe that this temperature increase will continue, and after all the expectations until the middle of next century will reach 1.5 to 4.5 degrees C value
By some estimates, today over one billion people breathe air heavily polluted, especially carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide from industrial processes. For this reason, the number of the chest-lung disease, especially among children and the elderly, is increasing. Same frequency of skin cancer is increasing. The reason is damaged ozone layer, which retains no harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Holes in the ozone layer:
Stratospheric ozone layer protects us retaining the sun's ultraviolet rays. Because today has greatly increased the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons, fluorinated in aerosol bottles, refrigerators, detergents, polystyrene, these gases in the air came in larger quantities than could be borne by the atmosphere. As they rise, they break down, forming cloridioni, which attack and destroy the ozone layer.
The effect has been first reported it in 1985 by scientists working in Antarctica, when they observed the formation of a hole in the ozone layer. The researchers were concerned that the ozone layer could attenuate other parts of the globe, increasing the harmful radiation. Unfortunately in 1995 was observed as in the Arctic and N Europe were formed holes in the ozone layer.
Acid rain:
Acid rain forms when sulfur dioxide or nitrogen oxides, both results of industrial pollution, atmospheric mix with water steam. Acid rain destroys plants and animals. Whole forests have disappeared due to acid rain. Worse is if the acid rain in lakes and rivers get it going away, killing the smallest organisms. After estimating scientists until 2001 will be only in the U.S. and 50 000 lakes dead biological time.
Disturbance of natural equilibrium of the atmosphere can only harm the Earth.
Because global warming will increase sea levels, the regions located below the water is swallowed. Water is expected to swallow cities London and New York. Pollution of water resources may entail the outbreak of epidemics, the occurrence of serious illness and death. Relations are modified and rainfall distribution: entire regions can be completely drained, leading to famine and loss of many lives.
In 1995 in the UK of children under 18 years, every seventh suffered from asthma. Inflammation of lung alveoli produce shortness of breath and choking sensations.
Is not yet proven that this condition could be caused by air pollution, but one thing is certain: pollution worsens symptoms. The main culprits are the fumes and gases formed under the effect of solar radiation of combustion products.
Syrups and inhalations relieve bouts curative, preventive medication is effective, but research continues in the direction to stop these diseases, which has taken alarming proportions.
Today attention is focused increasingly more on environmental issues, many governments are considering topics? Green?. Worldwide energy storage is an acute problem.
Worldwide campaigns are started trying to persuade governments to stop the destruction of tropical rain forests. Population contribute to these campaigns, in that it no longer buy products made from tropical wood, reducing demand for it somehow. There are countries that help restore balance, by planting young trees.
One thing is certain: today we can not breathe fresh air. Freonii from industrial processes were removed and replaced with other substances.
But the atmosphere is dangerous, because the entire environment is in danger of life. It takes a radical and rigorous control for the future to be safe atmosphere.
Poluarea
vineri, 16 decembrie 2011
joi, 15 decembrie 2011
Environmental degradation
Ever since the appearance of man on Earth, he has influenced the natural environment in which he lived. At first the impact was negligible, but with increasing number of individuals the world has increased pollution, deteriorating natural environment.
Environmental degradation is a problem often circumvented or ignored. Even if we do not like to admit we are all a "helping hand" environmental degradation.
The environment is all natural conditions and factors that influence human activity. In the world of "today" (modern world) is considered part of man, the center environment, which is considered a system with a structure. Components of the environment: atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere work together and interact striking a balance.
Environmental degradation is a complex process of environmental quality deterioration due to wasteful use of resources, pollution and urban congestion.
Pollution is any physical change, chemical, biological or bacteriological environment beyond permissible limit set. Pollutant is any substance (solid, liquid or gaseous) or form of energy (electromagnetic radiation, ionizing, thermal or vibration) that this balance changes introduced in the environment and living organisms, causing damage to material goods.
Human impact on nature has materialized by:
• radical change geographic landscape through large-scale works as pools, lakes, dams, drainage and mining to date
• strong exploitation of material resources, soil and subsoil and energy resources
• Climate change in meaning aridizării its negative transformations in the structure of plant cover and in particular by deforestation
• changing the structure of ecosystems beyond their recovery
• destruction of many species of plants and animals by damage, change or destruction of ecosystems in which they were adapted
• changing the composition of the atmosphere, water, soil, the discharge of various products
• altering the natural gene pool of living things, the downside resilience, recovery and reproduction.
Discard the atmosphere each year millions of tons of pollutants. Only in 1980 were 110 million tons thrown SOx, particulate matter 59 million tons, 69 million tons NOx 194 000 000 t CO2, 53 million tons oil. The effects were manifested on stǎrii population health, decrease the quantity and quality of agricultural products, buildings, water resources.
A man inhales 20 cubic meters of air daily on the day.
Man's power of adaptation, higher than all animals was due to the very reason which led to a qualitative understanding of the environment, in assessing the possibilities for the existence of human species and to explain phenomena around.
Man sought to know the environment, to use them for housing characteristics and appliances to buy food and materials needed his life, being aware of what is around him, weighing the advantages and dangers that can give the out places where they lived, to provide the necessities of life.
Currently there have been big changes in the geographical landscape of the globe, some natural causes are:
- Climate change;
- Marine transgressions;
- Volcanic eruptions;
- Destructive earthquakes.
Other causes are due to human intervention:
- Deforestation
- Accumulation of water for irrigation
- Terracing slopes creating specific landscapes, changes, modifications, not great
Major changes occurred in the past two centuries due to:
- Industry development
- Increase the growing number of population (population explosion)
- Increasing congestion of large urban centers
- Îndesirii transport routes (road, with extensive overlapping level crossings, railway, naval, and air port with large enclosures, with runways)
- Deforestation on large expanses: land erosion
- Discharges of harmful substances into rivers or disposal into the atmosphere.
Environmental damage caused by: the existence of too many cars, jets and heavy ships, too many factories operated by tehnlogii old, polluting, consuming raw materials, water and energy, phenomena that are determined, the last instance, the needs of a growing population in a state of demographic explosion and especially the existence of large urban agglomerations.
Modern habitat is characterized by continued deterioration of urban noise environment. As one of the most difficult to influence environmental stress agents, noise is looming as a priority for integrated environmental and health policies.
The results of the urban noise monitoring carried out by the Institute of Public Health Bucharest, in collaboration with specialized compartments territory showed a continuing upward dynamic exposure levels from average values of 50 dB () in the early 80 approximately 70 dB () in 1999.
Building factories, developing cities and transport, to use wood defrişând forests and increase agricultural land, water and casually throwing large amounts of toxic air man has broken the natural balance existing in the environment, so sometimes the endangered his own life. In such situation, the human being was forced to take action to remove the evil that the product and pass urgent action to protect the environment, to maintain a normal balance in nature between all factors that make up the environment. Because Earth remains a living planet, people's interests to be linked with the laws of nature.
Environmental degradation is a problem often circumvented or ignored. Even if we do not like to admit we are all a "helping hand" environmental degradation.
The environment is all natural conditions and factors that influence human activity. In the world of "today" (modern world) is considered part of man, the center environment, which is considered a system with a structure. Components of the environment: atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere work together and interact striking a balance.
Environmental degradation is a complex process of environmental quality deterioration due to wasteful use of resources, pollution and urban congestion.
Pollution is any physical change, chemical, biological or bacteriological environment beyond permissible limit set. Pollutant is any substance (solid, liquid or gaseous) or form of energy (electromagnetic radiation, ionizing, thermal or vibration) that this balance changes introduced in the environment and living organisms, causing damage to material goods.
Human impact on nature has materialized by:
• radical change geographic landscape through large-scale works as pools, lakes, dams, drainage and mining to date
• strong exploitation of material resources, soil and subsoil and energy resources
• Climate change in meaning aridizării its negative transformations in the structure of plant cover and in particular by deforestation
• changing the structure of ecosystems beyond their recovery
• destruction of many species of plants and animals by damage, change or destruction of ecosystems in which they were adapted
• changing the composition of the atmosphere, water, soil, the discharge of various products
• altering the natural gene pool of living things, the downside resilience, recovery and reproduction.
Discard the atmosphere each year millions of tons of pollutants. Only in 1980 were 110 million tons thrown SOx, particulate matter 59 million tons, 69 million tons NOx 194 000 000 t CO2, 53 million tons oil. The effects were manifested on stǎrii population health, decrease the quantity and quality of agricultural products, buildings, water resources.
A man inhales 20 cubic meters of air daily on the day.
Man's power of adaptation, higher than all animals was due to the very reason which led to a qualitative understanding of the environment, in assessing the possibilities for the existence of human species and to explain phenomena around.
Man sought to know the environment, to use them for housing characteristics and appliances to buy food and materials needed his life, being aware of what is around him, weighing the advantages and dangers that can give the out places where they lived, to provide the necessities of life.
Currently there have been big changes in the geographical landscape of the globe, some natural causes are:
- Climate change;
- Marine transgressions;
- Volcanic eruptions;
- Destructive earthquakes.
Other causes are due to human intervention:
- Deforestation
- Accumulation of water for irrigation
- Terracing slopes creating specific landscapes, changes, modifications, not great
Major changes occurred in the past two centuries due to:
- Industry development
- Increase the growing number of population (population explosion)
- Increasing congestion of large urban centers
- Îndesirii transport routes (road, with extensive overlapping level crossings, railway, naval, and air port with large enclosures, with runways)
- Deforestation on large expanses: land erosion
- Discharges of harmful substances into rivers or disposal into the atmosphere.
Environmental damage caused by: the existence of too many cars, jets and heavy ships, too many factories operated by tehnlogii old, polluting, consuming raw materials, water and energy, phenomena that are determined, the last instance, the needs of a growing population in a state of demographic explosion and especially the existence of large urban agglomerations.
Modern habitat is characterized by continued deterioration of urban noise environment. As one of the most difficult to influence environmental stress agents, noise is looming as a priority for integrated environmental and health policies.
The results of the urban noise monitoring carried out by the Institute of Public Health Bucharest, in collaboration with specialized compartments territory showed a continuing upward dynamic exposure levels from average values of 50 dB () in the early 80 approximately 70 dB () in 1999.
Building factories, developing cities and transport, to use wood defrişând forests and increase agricultural land, water and casually throwing large amounts of toxic air man has broken the natural balance existing in the environment, so sometimes the endangered his own life. In such situation, the human being was forced to take action to remove the evil that the product and pass urgent action to protect the environment, to maintain a normal balance in nature between all factors that make up the environment. Because Earth remains a living planet, people's interests to be linked with the laws of nature.
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